POTASSIUM
• Normal K+ range 3.5 - 5.5
HYPERKALEMIA (K+ >5.5)
• Cause of hyperkalemia
➢ Acidosis, aldosterone deficiency, ACE inhibitors, ARBS
➢ Beta-blocker
➢ Crush injury,
➢ Digitalis, insulin deficiency
➢ Renal, RTA type IV
Frequently tested
• Management:
• Initial step get EKG
➢ If EKG shows peaked T, no P and prolong PR
- Treatment:
- 1st step, calcium gluconate (stabilizes the cardiac cell membrane) followed by IV Insulin + glucose
➢ If EKG is normal:
- Treatment:
- IV Insulin (drives K+ into the cell) + Glucose (given to prevent hypoglycemia)
- IV Sodium Bicarbonate (Shifts K+ into the cell)
- Kayexelate (removes potassium from the body)
• If all of the above measures fail – Tx. (please check out the book for further details)
Below is the link to this book, click to the reviews and look inside
http://www.amazon.com/Next-Step-Management-USMLE-STEP/dp/0578127415/ref=sr_1_...SMLE+step+3or go to:
Amazon and search "Next step in management USMLE STEP 3"
or
Google search " Next step in management USMLE Step 3
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